Best health insurance in the world

United States
Related article: Social Protection in the United States of America.
In the United States, health insurance depends upon mainly private insurers. The public authorities guarantee care for the elderly ( Medicare ) or poor ( Medicaid ). On the other hand, and contrary to popular belief, even the uninsured have access to free health care provided by public hospitals, community health centers, hospitals, etc .. According to the data OECD, public spending on health is $ 2,464 per capita.

In 2010, 83.5% of Americans had health insurance and 50 million were private. This rate, however, must be qualified: half of those uninsured is under the age of 35 and the distribution of uninsured by age than 95% of health problems affecting insured populations. In addition, two-thirds of the uninsured have incomes above $ 25,000 and households whose incomes are below the poverty line, only one-fifth of the uninsured According to Bundorf and Pauly in the Journal of Health Economics, "three-fourths of fourths of uninsured Americans could afford health insurance without breaking their budget constraint." It is therefore, rather non-voluntary insurance.
A significant portion of contributions, 30% is not reinvested in health but share administrative costs, marketing and profits health insurance cost twice as much as in France: 5500 USD per person in 2005, it represents 16% of GDP.

The reform of the health insurance required by U.S. President Barack Obama is voted by the Senate in November 2009 and by the House of Representatives March 21, 2010. It requires all Americans to buy insurance by 2014 or face a fine. It prohibits insurance refuse to cover their policyholders because of their medical history. It provides financial assistance to families with incomes below 88,000 dollars per year. The reform is expected to cost $ 940 billion (695 billion) over ten years. Its funding should be provided by taxes on high incomes and lower care costs.

Canada
In education and health, it is the provinces administer policies and budgetary allocations in these sectors, following the division of authorities and responsibilities of federal, provincial, regional and municipal levels.

Quebec

The basic health care to the citizens of Quebec is covered since 1970, by the Régie de l'assurance-maladie du Québec (RAMQ), a government agency under the Quebec Ministry of Health and Social Services of Quebec.

Germany
Based on the principles of professional insurance through the company and Welfare, the German system is in a process of reform since the late 1980s including a financial and organizational.

In 1883, the Law on Health Insurance introduces the implementation of compulsory insurance for workers in the industry. Entered into force in 1914, the system remains the main legal basis for legislation on health insurance until the adoption in 1988 of the first law for the reform within the health system.

• Public Plan: 88% of the population are affiliated. Health insurance is mandatory below a certain income threshold.
• Private Plan: 12% of the population are affiliated. Beyond a certain income level, people can opt for the legal or private insurance. This private insurance covers 10% of the population has the opportunity to choose not the compulsory membership system beyond a threshold of income but can also combine the two types of public and private protection.

The characteristics as the German system are:
social security contributions (employee and employer) fund the majority of disease risked the health insurance in which sit representatives of funders (trade unions and employers' organizations) have a role manager a very wide range (nearly three hundred different public funds) and autonomy of health insurance (they each freely determines their contribution rates, which are different from one fund to another) the third-party payer generalized the important role of collective bargaining between unions and representatives of doctors and hospitals, the federal system that gives an significant role to the states (particularly in hospitals).

The German health insurance system is close to the French model in its philosophy and facing similar challenges.

In Germany, the homeless no longer benefits from health insurance.

Belgium
The disability insurance is an insurance "care health "mandatory managed by the National Institute of Disability Insurance (INAMI). It is a cornerstone of the Belgian social security.

This insurance is a deficit of 634 million euros in 2004, mainly because of the aging population and the degradation of the "number of contributors" / "number of beneficiaries."

The Belgian federal government in accordance with industry players seeks medical solutions for this problem. The increased use of generic drugs, efficacy equivalent drug major brand but much cheaper, for example, would reduce drug costs (at the expense of the pharmaceutical industry). Reducing unnecessary medical examinations is another track. Others argue for regionalization of health insurance, arguing that the Flemish Walloons over consumers subsidize health care.

Health insurance history

Is a device responsible to an individual facing financial risk care in case of illness, and a minimum income when the condition deprives the person of work.

In most Western countries, a large share of health insurance is supported by the state. This is also a fundamental component of social security, and a duty of the State under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.

A public health insurance system can be managed by a state agency, delegated to private organizations, or be mixed.

Operation, like all insurance is based on risk-sharing: each person contributes, in exchange for which it is paid according to a fixed scale.

For a system of public health insurance, the insurance premium paid by the insured does not necessarily follow the rules of pure insurance, that is to say, it is not based solely on risk. Indeed, the public system fulfills both a function and a pure insurance distribution function in which the wealthier pay insurance for the poor.

History

Until the eighteenth century, the protections against the risks of life are provided by personal wealth, local solidarity (family, village) or professional ( guilds, guilds ), and charity. The nineteenth century, the Industrial Revolution concentrated populations in cities where local solidarity cannot play while the number of accident's increases. In addition, it develops intellectual and scientific movement that promotes individual pension (the origin of private insurance), the mutual insurance companies that provide the collective welfare and the notion of "sacred debt" introduced by the Revolution which Article 21 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1793 recognizes the right for every citizen to support and social protection, giving rise to social security.

These new concepts are applied in Prussia where Otto's von Bismarck, who want a strong state, develops the first system of compulsory social insurance with bills concerning insurance against accidents at work and social health insurance in 1883 adopted and 1884.

What is health care

The health care is the applied sciences and biomedical sciences. They focus on the health of man or the animal. They involve not only research, study and knowledge of health, but also the application of this knowledge in order to improve health, cure disease and improve the functioning of the body.

Health care is based on the medicine, the pharmacy, the biology, the chemistry and physics and the social sciences (e.g. sociology ).

Health care is contemporary mores and reflect the themes of ethics and bioethics, such as privacy, the abortion, the euthanasia, the cloning or the genetic manipulation.

The health care sector includes a wide range of disciplines.

In health of body
1. Medicine
2. Pharmacy
3. Nursing
4. Obstetrics

In Mental Health
1. Psychotherapy
2. Psychoanalysis
3. Psychiatry

In veterinary health
1. Animal welfare
2. Animal euthanasia

Branches of medicine

• Medicine Internal
• Physical medicine and rehabilitation
• Emergency Medicine
• Nephrology
• Neurology
• Pediatrics
• Pulmonology
• Psychiatry
• Rheumatology
• Toxicology

Branches of surgery

• General surgery
• Cardiothoracic Surgery
• Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology
• Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology
• Pediatric surgery
• Plastic surgery
• Vascular Surgery
• Visceral and digestive
• Dental surgery
• Gynaecology - Obstetrics
• Neurosurgery
• Ophthalmology
• Ear, Nose and Throat
• Urology

Branches of pathology

• Pathology
• Clinical Biochemistry
• Biology interventional
• Medical Biology
• Reproductive Biology
• Pathological Cytology
• Genetics Biological
• Biological hematology
• Immunopathology
• Forensic Medicine
• Medical Microbiology
• Cell Therapy
• Gene therapy
• Transfusion

Branches of the medical imaging

• Ultrasound
• Nuclear Medicine
• Radiology ( Interventional Radiology )

Other branches

• Epidemiology
• Maieutic
• Sports medicine
• Occupational medicine
• Pharmacy
• Radiobiology
• Public Health
• Palliative Care

Microscopic colitis Therapy and prognosis

The importance of diet in the treatment of microscopic colitis are therefore to avoid spices, alcohol and coffee.

As a first step in the treatment of symptomatic disease are recommended as Loperamide, also Racecadotril cholestyramine bile acid as a chelating agent has its own rationale.

Budesonide is the preferred treatment that has demonstrated significant effectiveness in improving symptoms and quality of life (note in diabetic patients).

Another drug that has shown good results and can be used in patients with diabetes is bismuth subsalicylate (pharmaceutics) 262mg capsules. (A problem that must be taken no less than 8 capsules a day).

Finally, probiotics may have a place in association with the drugs of choice.

The surgical option of subtotal colectomy and ileostomy gives good results. Obviously must be given in very serious cases that are unresponsive to medical therapy.

The prognosis of the disease is generally good healing when conservative treatment is effective is an average period of approximately 6 months.

Microscopic Colitis Diagnosis

Laboratory tests are of limited usefulness in the diagnosis of microscopic colitis; it may show a mild anemia, a moderate increase in ESR and CRP therefore, not pathognomonic signs.

There is only one exam that is the instrumental diriment PANCOLONSCOPIA accompanied by biopsies at the bottom of the caecal livvello, ancestor, the transverse and sigmoid-rectum.

The drawings are indispensable as microscopic colitises in endoscopic signs are absent and only histological examination show that damaged epithelial cells with accumulations of intraepithelial lymphocytes and increased sub-epithelial collagen will make a definitive diagnosis. I Furthermore, posted will be prepared for immunohistochemical study.

Histological picture which shows lymphocytic infiltration in
subepithelial layer of the epithelium and lamina of the colon in microscopic colitis.

Conclusions
The Microscopic colitis is a rare disease of difficult clinical confirmation, to generally be benign but must be diagnosed quickly as the non-treatment can dramatically worsen the quality of life of older people often already plagued by comorbidity.

The only way to make sure diagnosis is to perform a phantasmoscopia with biopsies throughout the colon thus:

In elderly patients with a history of recurrent watery diarrhea, a colonoscopy must never forget the biopsy at the level of each section of the bowel in the presence of a normal endoscopic picture.

Microscopic colitis emedicine

Diarrhea is difficult to interpret: the Microscopic Colitis

Microscopic colitis is a colitis that is not one of the classic inflammatory bowel disease, uncommon (but not rare), which affects mostly older adults, and this causes watery diarrhea corniculate character. It is contained in collagenous and lymphocytic colitis the highest occurrence is between 60 and 70 years of age and prevalent in women. We do not know with certainty the cause.

Symptomatology
In western countries, a rather large percentage (around 4% -5%) of elderly people is aimed at Medical problems of chronic diarrhea.

This situation is mainly women who experience recurrent watery diarrhea even at night, diffuse abdominal pain, weight loss and easy fatigability. Difficult to these annoying symptoms associated with dehydration, while the urgent need to defecate often results in incontinence episodes and reduces quality of life, eventually making it strenuous to deal with normal daily tasks and social relations.

Often these symptoms are interpreted as a surface that  inflammatory bowel disease  syndrome colon irritable. A delayed diagnosis of the disease often contributes the report of a colonoscopy, which describes a normal-appearing colonic mucosa for all characters and is therefore, not accompanied by biopsies.

Occasionally, patients with microscopic colitis have comorbidity, rheumatoid arthritis, such as thyroid disorders and / or diabetes. Sometimes the diarrhea in patients with diabetes identified myenteric plexus nerve injury should the disease.

A bile acid malabsorption can coexist and aggravate the symptoms.

Ulcerative colitis

Introduction
Ulcerative colitis (ulcerative colitis or proctocolitis or idiopathic) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD: inflammatory bowel disease) that affects only the large intestine. The first location is always the last to load the intestinal tract (rectum) and may extend gradually upstream.

Ulcerative colitis Signs and symptoms
The clinical aspects vary in dependence of the intensity of inflammation and its extent in the organ. In relation to the latter parameter characterizes a limited from a last intestinal tract (proctosigmoiditis), an extended form in the colon until the splenic flexure downward (left colitis) and a form that involves the entire organ up to the ileocecal valve (total colitis).

The most frequent symptoms consist of abdominal pain, tenesmus (a feeling of urgent evacuation without success) and diarrhea with mucus and blood, the latter shows' coating the feces if the disease is rectal, the unmingled stool if the disease is more extensive.

Causes Ulcerative colitis
It is not known a single cause of the disease; it is considered valid to the hypothesis of multifactorial origin that in inflammatory bowel disease (including Crohn's disease) causes a chronic mucosal immune function in genetically predisposed individuals.

Ulcerative colitis Diagnosis
The clinical features (diarrhea with mucus and blood) orient the gastroenterologist to perform a colonoscopy, which is the fundamental exam for the diagnosis and evaluation of the intensity and extent of disease. The endoscopic appearance of a mucosa, which is frail and with typical ulceration, and histology, with the chronic inflammatory process limited to the superficial layers of the mucosa, allowing the diagnosis.

Ulcerative colitis Complications
The dreaded complications of acute ulcerative colitis are: the 'massive hemorrhage, intestinal perforation, toxic megacolon (acute colonic distention with fever, dehydration and electrolyte unbalance) and require surgical treatment (colectomy or hemicolectomy).

Systemic complications, i.e. inflammatory manifestations in other organs, are not frequent.

A late complication is the neoplastic transformation of an inflamed mucosa whose probability is proportional to disease duration and extent of inflammation.


Ulcerative colitis Therapy
The goal of therapy is to control inflammation for remission status.

Medical therapy takes anti-inflammatory drugs (aminosalicylates) and corticosteroids, are used in refractory case's immunosuppressants (azathioprine, cyclosporine), and even more rarely monoclonal antibodies (infliximab). Surgical intervention is necessary in acute complications (toxic megacolon, perforation) and in the presence of dysplasia or neoplastic changes.

Crohn s disease

Introduction
Crohn's disease (or Crohn's disease) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD: inflammatory bowel disease) that can affect any part of the digestive tract, from mouth to anus, including biliary and pancreatic ducts. The most frequent localization of lesions is the distal ileum, which justifies the term terminal ileitis.

Crohn s disease Signs and symptoms
The clinical features depend on the affected portion of the digestive tract.

Frequently, the disease presents with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever and sometimes the onset is acute with severe pain in a right iliac fossa as appendicitis and / or bowel obstruction.

If localization is dependent ileal you can get a picture of malabsorption with nutritional deficiency and consequent weight loss. The involvement of the colon may be associated with intestinal bleeding.

Causes Crohn s disease
The cause of Crohn's disease is unknown, but there is agreement that in inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis also) other factors cause a chronic mucosal immune function in genetically predisposed individuals. These factors involve the celiac bacterial flora and the permeability of the epithelial cells of the intestinal surface.

Crohn s disease Diagnosis
The clinical features (abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea) and some laboratory investigations (inflammatory parameters, anemia) can guide the diagnosis, but it is necessary to perform radiographic studies that show alterations of the coeliac wall and endoscopy with biopsies that show the elements chronic inflammation affecting the entire thickness of the intestinal wall.

Crohn s disease Complications
Local complications are those that occur in the tract affected by inflammation and consist mainly of: perforation of the bowel wall, stenosis (narrowing), occlusion, fistula (communication through adjoining walls) between different segments of the intestine, including bowel and other viscera ( bladder, ureters, vagina.), ...), including intestine and the skin surface; abscesses.

Systemic complications are inflammatory events to occur in other organ's not contiguous intestine: eye (iridocyclitis), joints, skin (pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum).

Crohn s disease Therapy
The goal of therapy is the induction of remission status by controlling inflammation and resolution of anatomical abnormalities (stenosis, fistula).

Medical therapy is based on the use of anti-inflammatory drugs (aminosalicylates), steroids, immunosuppressants (azathioprine, cyclosporine), monoclonal antibodies (infliximab). Strictures and fistulas may require surgical treatment.

Stool Chart

The stools: what interpretation to give shape and form?

It has long been sought to identify a relationship between form and appearance of stool and possible diseases.

It 's known as the quantity' of faeces emitted daily by a human adult varies between 100 and 250 g in 24 hours with significant variations that depend substantially on the diet.

The tool currently used in medicine to classify stool is called the stool scale and was finally put in place researchers in 1997 with the intent to find a relationship between the type of feces and defecation disorders.

According to their definition have been identified 7 types of feces:

1) goat feces, hard fragments and separated.

2) I made ​​a sausage piece together.

3) I made ​​a salami, single bolus dose with surface cracks.

4) I made ​​sausage, soft.

5) soft stool with sharp edges

6) pasty stools, with irregular margins

7) watery stool's liquid

The constipation is associated commonly with the types 1 and 2, while on 5 and 6 are close to the diarrhea which is defined by the type 7.

The main determinants appear to be the appearance of the faeces the residence time of the same in the colon and therefore, the length of the bowels and the speed of transit.

In this way, feces tendentially of type 1 and 2 are characteristic of slow transit syndromes and pathology's dolicocolon while in transit from accelerated correspond generally feces of type 5 6 and 7.

In subsequent studies, we tried to correlate physiological and pathological events of the type, I and concluded that:

Age, sex, body mass index, cholecystectomy and psychopathological aspects show a correlation as smoking and alcohol consumption seemed irrelevant.

The scale was then validated and is universally used in the medical field for the study of disorders of defecation.

The association between shape and appearance of stools and any organic disease such as polyps, tumors or other proved to be much less significant and should not cause concern in this regard, but what seems important is the any changes to the ordinary habits alvine (appearance constipation or diarrhea) and is a plea for consultation or medical specialist.

Diarrhea Cause

The causes are varied and very different, briefly summarized in:

• bacterial infections (e.g. typhoid)
• viral infections (common in children)
• parasitic infections (such as Giardia Lamblia)
• functional bowel diseases (classical syndrome of 'irritable bowel)
• inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease)
• food intolerance (lactose intolerance, celiac disease)
• secondary to drugs (antibiotics, chemotherapy, antacids containing magnesium, for example)
• outcomes of surgery (e.g. ileal resection)
• endocrine causes (hyperthyroidism, diabetes)
• vascular causes (mesenteric insufficiency)
• cancers (lymphomas, intestinal carcinomas)
• immune diseases (eosinophilic gastroenteritis)
• and other fewer common causes.

In different ways the diarrhea may be associated with cramping abdominal pain, nausea, fever with shivering and sometimes bleeding.

The warning signs that may indicate dehydration is to pay attention to the thirst, decreased urine output usually dark in color, dry skin, fainting, dizziness.

In these cases, as well as the diarrhea persists for more than two days, there is fever, abdominal pain, blood or pus mixed with stool indicates to seek medical attention even after a single acute episode.

The evaluation will include a medical and gastroenterology specialist medicinal history and physical examination, typically one or more' stool cultures; blood tests targeted according to clinical, endoscopic examinations and further tests specific to the individual case.

Outside the acute phase, where therapy should mainly to offset the 'electrolyte balance, treatment of chronic diarrhea is targeted to the mechanism by which it is determined.

Finally, diarrhea is frequently the presenting symptom of an underlying disease undiagnosed gastrointestinal not necessarily starting, so it 's time to put such an early diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.

What to do when you have diarrhea

I have diarrhea. Should I be worried?

At least, every once in a lifetime happened an episode of diarrhea, usually of short duration and spontaneous resolution; however, the problem may be more serious if we think of childhood infectious diarrhea as a cause of infant mortality in developing countries.


The diarrhea can be defined as stools liquid or semi liquid three or more times a day.

Essential to distinguish the acute form, which appears suddenly and usually lasts no more than 5-10 days, from chronic long-term.

There are five completely different mechanisms according to which may appear diarrhea, and often two or more mechanisms may be present in the same patient, in particular, is distinguished:

• secretory diarrhea: in this case, the 'intestine pours more liquid inside it, or it absorbs less both at the level of' ileus, both at the level of the colon. It 's usually caused by infectious diseases such as cholera.
• Osmotic diarrhea: an excessive amount of water is drawn from the bloodstream into the intestinal lumen to the presence of the same substance contained in the lumen (e.g. lactose intolerance) or assumption of osmotic laxatives.
• diarrhea motor: the 'increased intestinal motility is the mechanism behind the phenomenon resulting in decreased absorption time as happens, for example, in colon irritable.
• inflammatory diarrhea: the inflamed intestinal mucosa is usually as a result of a 'infection or a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) or of different nature.
• usually associated diarrhea with blood and resulting in infections with Salmonella, Shigella or Entoameba hystolitica

The fundamental problem of acute diarrhea, in particular, is that it can also cause rapid dehydration with serious consequences, especially in children and in elderly patients.

Diarrhea Conclusions

Some tips to prevent the 'onset of diarrhea.
Here are some tips to prevent food poisoning bacteria that cause diarrhea:

Always wash hands with liquid soap for two minutes;
Drink only bottled water if traveling in foreign countries;
Eating cooked foods and avoid those raw, roasted or preserved that have a doubt.

Conclusions
Diarrhea in the Western world is a "condition" very common, but easily treatable thanks to a balanced diet and a low, almost zero, impact on mortality.

This speech is unfortunately not valid for the child population in countries with poor sanitary conditions in Africa, South America and India, where diarrhea is a major cause of infant mortality, which is why the humanitarian non-governmental organizations involved in these countries first link to the prevention by increasing the availability of drinking water, to the reclamation with the use of disinfectant and therapy of infectious conditions with the use of antibiotics and pesticides.

Chamare

When Chamare the doctor?

And  so contact your family doctor:

If the patient is an infant, and diarrhea continues for more than 24 hours;

• in case of chronic diarrhea;
• in case of probable infectious diseases;
• in case of loose black (not simply dark) for the presence of digested blood from the gastrointestinal bleeding;
• when the patient has the high fever;
• if the diarrhea in 'adult Foltrin lasts for three days;
• if there are symptoms of dehydration of the patient.

What if the patient is a child or infant?
If the patient is newborn, you can continue to breastfeed and if already weaned, you can be easily digestible, including foods such as rice (which has been astringent properties), tapioca, corn flour and meat turkey and chicken.

Hydrate the baby making him drink water and freshly squeezed orange juice and avoiding trade that contained added sugar.

Offer the child during the afternoon snack, yogurt is naturally rich in lactic acid bacteria to normalize the intestinal flora.

When should you call the pediatrician?
Talk to your pediatrician immediately if:

The child is under six months;
has a continuous diarrhea of ​​one day?

• if there is mucus or blood in the stool;
• if the child vomits;
• if urine frequently and little quantity;

Bad case of diarrhea

Occurred What to do in case of diarrhea?

If you are suffering from diarrhea, you should follow these guidelines:

Do not drink water of unknown origin, but always and only one in stopper ed bottles sealed.
If you have a small child, always sterilize his bottles and games with which it comes into contact.
In case of diarrhea in place to try to avoid dehydration taking at least two liters of water a day and drink with food supplements to replace the lost minerals.

preference for light meals and a little complex as rice, potatoes, carrots, apples and pears. When conditions begin to improve we will reintroduce in the diet of chicken, turkey or veal.

Avoid taking anti-diarrhea medications because they are interfering with intestinal motility, but do not solve the cause of diarrhea.

Avoid cold drinks or stimulants such as wine, both red and white, beer, coffee, alcohol and chocolate; take relaxing and refreshing herbal tea that will bring relief and improvements right away, are easily found in herbal medicine.

One of the biggest complications of diarrhea is dehydration because it reduces the amount of water available to organs like the heart and nervous system, causing serious problems in their operation.

Dehydration is dangerous in children and the elderly because they can be more difficult to restore the 'water balance, and the symptoms observed in a dehydrated person are:

• thirst;
• small amount of urine;
• fatigue;
• dryness of the oral cavity;
• high fever;
• irritability;
• lack of appetite;
• drowsiness.

Diarrhea Diagnosis

The physician to diagnose exactly the cause of the diarrhea must first play a 'through history of the patient who will have specific questions about onset, duration and possible exposure to environmental agents (mainly food and beverages).

Furthermore, exist in the clinical practice of diagnostic tests are very useful:

• Fecal examinations to verify the presence of bacteria in addition to those already present in the intestine or parasites;
• blood test;

• colonoscopy the entire colon to look carefully looking for any inflammation.

Causes of diarrhea

Here are the possible causes of diarrhea:

• Bacterial or viral infections, including the "traveler's diarrhea";

• food intolerances (gluten, lactose);

• presence of gastric parasites (often children take them to school or day care);

• the unwanted side effects of antibiotic therapy;

• bowel diseases such as colitis, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn m, ulcerative colitis), irritable bowel syndrome;

• psychological and physical stress:

• intestinal or gastric cancer;

• intake of drugs or laxatives anti-inflammatory (NSAID);

• genetic or autoimmune diseases.

Food poison

For food-borne diseases are those diseases caused by the action of toxins produced by bacteria in contaminated food or water. Diarrhea occurs rapidly, after 30 minutes of ingestion of contaminated food. One of the bacterial agents responsible frequently
is the staphylococcus .

Another possible cause of diarrhea is diet with high intake of protein or carbohydrates such as pasta, vegetables, breads and cakes that make it difficult defecation, favor the 'emission of gases and resulting in

diarrhea, and finally even intolerances and allergies food special foods such as milk and gluten are important causes of diarrhea especially in children and 'teenager.

The diarrhea incurred by pathogenic

This type of diarrhea (dysentery) represents about half of diarrhea found in humans are triggered by bacteria such as Salmonella or Shigella and rotavirus virus, adenovirus and hepatitis.

Salmonella infections are very common, especially in children following ingestion of eggs, unpasteurized milk or contaminated meat.

Diarrhea occurs in the first 48 hours after infection with a stool with mucus, and blood discharge and frequent (every three hours).

In addition toinfluenza and parainfluenza virus, another virus that could cause diarrhea, isthat ofhepatitis A,the rereservoirsfthis pathogen are shellfish and seafood.

The main clinical manifestation isjaundice.

Types of diarrhea

There are various types of diarrhea that can be grouped in terms of frequency of diarrhea waves:

Acute diarrhea: press intestinal infections caused by bacterial or viral infections, toxins or after taking antibiotics that alter the normal balance of intestinal flora;

Chronic diarrhea: It persists over time and is caused by prolonged inflammation and food allergies.

Recurring diarrhea: this appears to alternate periods, sometimes in relation to the intake of foods to which you are sensitive (e.g. lactose).

You can further classify the condition according to various causes in the wild:

Diarrhea due to impaired absorption: caused by a malfunction of the mechanisms involved in enteric absorption of nutrients in food, the lack of absorption may be due to alterations in mucosal intestinale for inflammation or malignancy, reduction or disappearance of the intestinal villi (celiac disease), the non-food digestion by the enzymes (pancreatic disease), surgery (such as the intestinal bypass) that reduces the contact surface and absorption.

Osmotic diarrhea: osmotic laxatives caused by drugs such as salts of magnesium, which may alter the 'attract water and electrolyte balance in the gut.

Secretory diarrhea: which causes a high secretion in the intestine of water and electrolytes, in the case of tumors (colonic adenoma), of endocrine diseases, or of bacterial infections that produce toxins (cholera) or that damage the 'intestinal epithelium also causing inflammation, ulceration and bleeding that can be found in the feces (Shigella).

Diarrhea motor: increasing the speed of transit of the material and reducing the time available to the 'intestine to absorb nutrients for neurological reasons.

What is diarrhea

The diarrhea is the emission of abundant fecal material (amount above 300 - 400 grams) of liquid or semi liquid consistency very so frequently during the day (more than three evacuation per day).
Using the diarrhea, the body eliminates harmful toxins, undigested food contaminated with bacteria or pathogens that reside in our intestines.

Diarrhea is not a classical disease like gastritis or gastro esophageal reflux, but it is a symptom; that is, the event associated with gastrointestinal illness due to bacteria, viruses, food allergies or cancer. It 's important to keep an' eye because diarrhea causes the loss of several liquids and minerals from the small intestine undigested material to lead to dehydration.

Diarrhea is often associated with other symptoms: abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea and tenesmus (a feeling of having to evacuate without being able to do so).